Miliyan tan na gashinsa kaza da carbon dioxide, wani abu ne da ke haifar da sauyin yanayi, ana fitar da su duk shekara a duniya. Duk da haka, waɗannan sharar gida za a iya canza su zuwa babban albarkatu masu daraja ta hanyar sauƙi na juyawa zuwa takin gargajiya godiya ga hanyar sinadarai mai sauƙi. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tsari yana haifar da samfurin na biyu wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman hana ruwa.
Duniya gida ce ga kiyasin yawan jama'a Kaji biliyan 19.000, wanda ke wakiltar kusan sau biyu da rabi adadin mutanen duniya. Daga cikin wannan babban adadin tsuntsaye, game da 5 miliyan ton na gashin tsuntsu. Yawancin irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna ƙarewa a cikin wuraren ajiyar ƙasa, inda suke zama shekaru da yawa ba tare da raguwa ba.
Amfani da gashin gashin kaji wajen noma
Fuka-fukan kaji sun kasance batun bincike saboda abubuwan da suke da shi na keratin, wanda ke sa su zama albarkatun da ke da damar samar da takin zamani da takin zamani. Bayan canza gashin fuka-fukan zuwa samfura irin su filastik, man hydrogen da kayan hadewa, mai binciken ya samar da sabon amfani. Changle Chen daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta kasar Sin, Hefei, lardin Anhui: samar takin gargajiya.
Tsarin canza gashin gashin tsuntsu
Makullin hanya don canza gashin fuka-fuki zuwa taki ya ƙunshi pyrolysis. Rarraba gram ɗaya na gashin tsuntsu a 600ºC na tsawon sa'o'i 3 a gaban carbon dioxide, yana samar da 0,26 grams na ammonium bicarbonate. Wannan samfurin ya dace don amfani dashi azaman takin zamani. Bugu da ƙari kuma, lokacin da zafi zuwa 60ºC, yana sakewa ammoniya, wanda shine wani taki mai amfani.
Wannan hanya ta haɗu da fa'idodin sake amfani da biomass tare da raguwar hayaƙin CO2, samar da ƙarin ci gaba mai dorewa.
Fuka-fukai da sinadaran sinadaran su: tushen wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki
Fuka-fukan tsuntsaye an fi yin su ne keratin, furotin tsari ne mai juriya sosai. Wannan keratin yana da kaddarorin ban sha'awa, irin su rashin narkewa cikin ruwa da juriya ga raunin acid da tushe. Keratin yana wakilta 90% na nauyi bushe daga gashin fuka-fukan, kasancewa mai arziki a cikin nitrogen, wanda ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai ban sha'awa don inganta ingancin takin.
Abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai a cikin gashin tsuntsu kuma sun haɗa da:
- Nitrogen: 15-18%
- Sulfur: 2-5%
- Mai: 1,3%
- Ma'adanai: 3,2%
Takin gashin fuka: ƙirƙirar takin mai inganci
Takin zamani hanya ce mai inganci don amfani da gashin fuka-fukan kaza. Duk da haka, da keratin Yana da wuya a rushewa, don haka haɗuwa da kayan da ke da wadatar carbon da amfani da su m microorganisms don hanzarta aikin takin.
Ingantattun ma'auni don takin gashin tsuntsu
Gwaje-gwaje daban-daban sun nuna cewa haɗuwa tare da wasu kayan da ke da carbon, irin su bawon pine ko bambaro, suna sauƙaƙe lalata gashin fuka-fukan. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar su ne:
- Fuka-fukan kaji 12% + Bawon Pine 88% (C/N: 25)
- Fuka-fukan kaji 6.6% + Bawon Pine 93.4% (C/N: 35)
- Fuka-fukan kaji 12.36% + Pine haushi 43.82% + Rye bambaro 43.82% (C/N: 25)
Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci don saka idanu akan da zazzabi na takin don hana kayan daga zafi fiye da kima.
Sabbin ayyuka: yanayin aikin UNLOCK
El UNLOCK Project, wanda Tarayyar Turai ta ba da kuɗi, an tsara shi don canza sharar gida daga sashin kiwon kaji, kamar gashin fuka-fuki, zuwa samfuran halitta don amfanin gona. Babban makasudin aikin shine a samar da gashin fuka-fukai da samar da kayayyaki irin su tiren iri da murfin shuka wanda idan ya lalace, sai a saki sinadarin nitrogen don wadatar da kasa.
Abubuwan tushen keratin da aka samu tare da wannan ingantaccen tsari ba kawai masu lalacewa bane, amma kuma suna iya haɓaka kai tsaye. kasa haihuwa ta hanyar ba da gudummawar nitrogen da sauran mahimman abubuwan gina jiki.
Me yasa takin gashin tsuntsu ya zama kyakkyawan zaɓi?
El composting gashin fuka-fukan kaji kyakkyawan aiki ne mai dorewa domin ba wai kawai yana sake sarrafa sharar da ake samu daga bangaren kiwon kaji ba, har ma yana bayarwa. amfanin gona ga masu neman inganta amfanin amfanin gonakinsu. Ya ƙunshi nitrogen da sauran muhimman abubuwan gina jiki na shuka kuma yana iya inganta riƙe ruwa da tsarin ƙasa sosai.
Muhimman fa'idodin takin gashin fuka:
- Gudunmawar Nitrogen: Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, gashin tsuntsu yana da wadata a cikin nitrogen, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suke gudanar da haɓaka matakan wannan sinadari a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire.
- Rage sharar gida: Yin amfani da gashin fuka-fukan a cikin takin zamani yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan sharar kwayoyin halitta kuma shine maganin muhalli ga tarin wannan sharar.
Matakai na ƙarshe: yadda ake amfani da takin gashin tsuntsu a cikin ƙasa
Da zarar an samar da takin, yana da mahimmanci a rarraba shi daidai a cikin ƙasa. Fuka-fukan, yayin da suke raguwa a hankali, za su saki kayan abinci a hankali, suna wadatar da ƙasa na dogon lokaci.
Irin wannan takin yana da tasiri musamman ga amfanin gona da ke buƙatar babbar gudummawar nitrogen, irin su kayan lambu masu ganye (letas, alayyahu, da dai sauransu), kodayake ana iya amfani da shi akan wasu nau'ikan amfanin gona tare da kyakkyawan sakamako.
Gabaɗaya, takin da ke bisa gashin fuka-fukan kaji wani zaɓi ne mai ɗorewa kuma mai ɗorewa, duka ta fuskar tattalin arziki da muhalli, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don haɓaka ingancin kowace irin ƙasa ta noma.
A takaice, yin amfani da gashin fuka-fukan kaji wajen samar da takin zamani da takin ba wai kawai yana taimakawa wajen rage sharar da ake samu daga bangaren kiwon kaji ba, har ma yana samar da wadataccen sinadirai masu gina jiki da ke inganta haifuwa da rike ruwa a cikin kasa, wanda ke haifar da amfanin gona mai inganci da inganta amfanin gona. .
Labari mai kyau inda zaku sami ƙarin bayani akan wannan batun