Domin wasu shekaru yanzu, a alamar dorewa ta duniya wanda ba shakka ka riga ka ji: muhalli sawun. A cikin mahallin da ƙalubalen muhalli ke ƙaruwa, auna wannan sawun ya zama mahimmanci don tsara sabbin manufofin da ke ba da fifiko ga muhalli da zamantakewa.
A al'adance, ana amfani da GDP (Gross Domestic Product) azaman alamar tattalin arzikin duniya, amma baya nuna tasirin muhalli. Saboda haka, da muhalli sawun Yana fitowa a matsayin ma'aunin ma'auni wanda ke haɗa saitin tasirin da al'ummomin ɗan adam ke da shi akan mahallin su. Ta hanyar lissafinsa, ana iya yin la'akari da yadda ake amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da kuma samar da sharar gida, wanda ke ba da damar samar da ƙarin daidaito da kuma ingantaccen manufofi.
Menene sawun muhalli?
An bayyana wannan ra'ayi da:
Jimillar yanki mai albarkar muhalli da ake buƙata don samar da albarkatun da matsakaitan mutum ke cinyewa a cikin al'umma da kuma sharar sharar da wani mutum ya haifar, ba tare da la'akari da wurin da waɗannan saman suke ba.
Wato, sawun muhalli yana nuna adadin wurare masu amfani da ilimin halitta da muke buƙata don kiyaye rayuwarmu. Ta hanyar aunawa, za mu iya gano matakin dorewar jama'a dangane da iyakacin albarkatun duniya.
Nazarin sawun muhalli
Lissafin sawun muhalli yana yin la'akari da abubuwa masu mahimmanci na samarwa da hanyoyin amfani. Don ƙididdige shi, yana da mahimmanci a gane cewa:
- Ga kowane nau'i na kyau ko sabis, kwarara daga kayan aiki da makamashi.
- Kuna buƙatar samun tsarin muhalli masu sharar da ake samu.
- Samar da kaya yawanci ya mamaye yankin da aka yi niyya don tsarin muhalli mai albarka, yana rage su.
Wannan lissafin yana haɗa tasirin muhalli da yawa, amma ba ma'asumi ba ne. Akwai wasu al'amura (mafi mahimmanci) kamar ƙasa, ruwa da gurɓataccen iska, waɗanda ba koyaushe ake ƙididdige su ba, sai dai hayaƙin CO2.
Tasirin muhalli mara lissafi
Misali, al'amura kamar hasarar rayayyun halittu, zaizayar kasa, lalatar wuri ko amfani da ruwa (sai dai a cikin kayan aikin ruwa) yawanci basa shiga cikin lissafin sawun. Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗauka cewa ayyukan noma, kiwo da gandun daji suna dawwama, wanda ba zai kasance haka ba a duk yankuna.
Sabili da haka, sakamakon sawun yanayin muhalli yakan zama masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, zabar mafi kyawun zaɓin da ya dace gwargwadon lissafin.
Biocapacity: ƙarin albarkatu
Kalma mai dacewa ga sawun muhalli shine biocapacency, wanda ke nufin adadin sararin da ake samu ta hanyar halitta. Ya hada da amfanin gona, kiwo, dazuzzuka da yankunan ruwa masu albarka.
Bambanci tsakanin sawun muhalli da kuma biocapacity an san shi da gurɓataccen muhalli, wato albarkatun da ake buƙata ban da waɗanda ke akwai. Idan al'umma tana da gibin muhalli, wannan yana nufin cewa tana cinye fiye da yadda yanayinta zai iya tallafawa a cikin dogon lokaci.
Alal misali, an ƙiyasta ƙarfin halittu na duniya a hectare 1,8 ga kowane mazaunin, wanda ke nuna adadin albarkatun da duniya za ta iya bayarwa ga kowane mutum. Amma a kasashe irin su Amurka, yanayin muhalli ya zarce wannan adadi, inda ya kai kadada 9.6, wanda ke nufin idan kowa a duniya ya rayu kamar yadda yake a Amurka, za mu bukaci fiye da duniyoyi 9.
Yadda ake lissafta sawun muhallinku
Don samun madaidaicin ƙididdiga na sawun muhalli, yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar duk amfani da ke da alaƙa da ayyuka na yau da kullun (abinci, makamashi, samfuran gandun daji, aikin ƙasa) da fassara su zuwa farfajiya mai albarka.
Matakan tsarin lissafi
Ana yin lissafin ta matakai biyu:
- Asusu don amfani: Ana ƙididdige yawan amfani na gaske ko ƙididdigewa ta amfani da dabara: Amfani = Ƙirƙirar + Shigowa - Fitarwa.
- Canza amfani zuwa farfajiya mai albarka: Tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa gabaɗaya da ƙimar ƙima, an ƙiyasta yawan kadada nawa ake bukata.
An bayyana sakamakon wannan lissafin a cikin hectare na duniya (hag), ma'auni wanda ke ba ka damar kwatanta yankuna da daidaita sigogi na duniya.
Amfani da makamashi
Idan ya zo ga amfani da makamashi, sawun muhalli yakan auna wurin da ake buƙata don ɗaukar hayakin CO2 da aka samar. Lissafi ya dogara ne akan rarraba yawan amfani da makamashi ta hanyar iyawar gandun daji don gyara CO2.
Lissafin sawun muhalli na sirri
A zamanin yau akwai kayan aikin kan layi da yawa waɗanda ke ba ku damar lissafin sawun ku da sauri. Waɗannan masu ƙididdigewa suna kimanta halayen amfani a cikin makamashi, ruwa, sufuri, sharar gida da kayan aiki.
Ta hanyar kammala jerin tambayoyi masu sauƙi, za ku iya samun cikakkiyar ra'ayi na yawan kadada da kuke buƙatar tallafawa salon ku. Ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan da aka fi sani shine wannan kalkuleta ta MyFootprint, wanda ke taimaka maka kwatanta sawunka da na sauran mutane kuma ya ba da shawarar yadda za a rage shi.
Rage sawun muhalli
Da zarar mun san tasirin sawun mu, ana ba da shawarar matakan rage shi. Rage sawun yanayin muhalli a matakin duniya ya ƙunshi manyan canje-canje akan matakin mutum, kamar ɗaukar ƙarin halaye masu dorewa.
Wasu daga cikin waɗannan matakan sun haɗa da:
- Yi amfani da sufurin jama'a ko žasa da hanyoyin sufuri.
- Maimaita aikin da kuma rage amfani da robobi.
- Yi amfani da ƙananan kwararan fitila da ingantattun na'urori.
Juyawa zuwa ƙarin halaye masu dorewa shine mabuɗin don rage tasirin muhallinmu. Kowane ƙaramin canji, daga rufin gida zuwa ingantaccen amfani da ruwa, na iya yin tasiri mai tasiri akan sawun muhalli gabaɗaya.