A wannan karon za mu zurfafa bincike mafi girma reservoirs a Spain da manyan halayensa. Za mu san waɗanne ne mafi girma ta fuskar ƙasa da iya aiki, dacewar su ga samar da wutar lantarki da kuma rawar da suke takawa a cikin hadewar makamashi na kasar. Wadannan tafkunan ba wai kawai suna da mahimmanci ga samar da wutar lantarki ba, har ma suna wakiltar tushen ruwa mai mahimmanci don ban ruwa da amfanin ɗan adam.
Aldeadávila tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa
Dam din Aldeadávila, wanda kuma aka sani da ruwan ruwan Aldeadávila, yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki a Spain. Tana kan Kogin Duero, kilomita 7 daga Aldeadávila de la Ribera, a lardin Salamanca (Castilla y León). Wannan ababen more rayuwa, wanda Iberdrola ke sarrafawa, ya haɗa da masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki guda biyu: Aldeadavila I, wanda ya fara aiki a 1962, da Aldeadavila II, wanda aka bude a shekarar 1986.
Aldeadávila I yana da wutar lantarki mai karfin 810 MW, yayin da Aldeadávila II ya ba da gudummawar ƙarin 433 MW, wanda ya kai jimlar ƙarfin. 1.243 MW. Wannan tafki yana iya samar da matsakaicin samarwa 2.400 GWh kowace shekara, wanda ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin mafi yawan samar da wutar lantarki a Spain.
Baya ga rawar da yake takawa a samar da wutar lantarki, Aldeadavila yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin tafiyar da kogin Douro, musamman a lokacin rani, tabbatar da ingantaccen wadatar kayan amfanin gona da amfanin gida.
Tsakiyar José María de Oriol, Alcántara
Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki a Spain yana cikin yankin Extremadura mai cin gashin kansa: José María de Oriol Central, ko Alcántara dam. Wannan shuka yana da ikon shigar 916 MW, wanda ke rubanya buƙatun makamashi na wasu ƙananan hukumomi a yankin a cikin yanayi na yawan amfani.
Ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki guda huɗu na megawatt 229 kowanne, waɗanda suka fara aiki tsakanin 1969 zuwa 1970, an san shi da nauyin tan 600 na kowane rotors ɗin sa. Wannan tafki yana da damar ajiya 3.162 cubic hectometer da dam mai tsayi 130 mita. Tafkin na iya sakin har zuwa 12,500 m3/s godiya ga ƙofofinta guda bakwai, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita kogin Tagus.
Villarino ta Tsakiya
Gidan Villarino yana cikin ɓangaren Douro Falls kuma yana kan kogin Tormes. Tare da sauran abubuwan more rayuwa kamar Almendra da Aldeadávila, Villarino ya yi fice don samun Faduwar ruwa mita 410, wanda aka samu ta hanyar rami mai nisan kilomita 15 na karkashin kasa wanda ke daukar ruwa daga dam din Almendra zuwa tafkin Aldeadávila. Wannan zane yana ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin lantarki na shuka.
Na’urar turbin ta Villarino tana da jujjuyawa, wanda ke ba da damar amfani da su duka wajen samar da wutar lantarki da kuma wurin ajiyar ruwa, idan aka mayar da su zuwa tafki na sama. A shuka yana da jimlar shigar iya aiki na 857 MW da matsakaicin ƙarni na shekara-shekara 1.376GWh, yana mai da shi ɗayan mafi inganci a cikin Iberian Peninsula.
Cortes-La Muela Central
Located a kan Júcar River, da wutar lantarki Cortes-La Muela Yana daya daga cikin ci-gaban gine-ginen samar da wutar lantarki a Turai, musamman saboda karfin ajiyarsa a yanayin aikin famfo. Godiya ga ƙungiyoyi huɗu masu jujjuyawa tsakanin tafki na La Muela da tafkin Cortes de Pallas, shukar tana da ƙarfin gaske na 1.750 MW a cikin injin turbin 1.280 MW a cikin yin famfo.
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman wuraren wannan shuka shine ikonsa na aiki a matsayin mai mahimmanci mai kula da grid na wutar lantarki a Spain: yana fitar da ruwa a cikin sa'o'i masu yawa, lokacin da buƙatu ya yi ƙasa, kuma ya sake shi a lokacin buƙatu mafi girma, yana samar da wutar lantarki a wasu lokuta masu mahimmanci. don kwanciyar hankali na tsarin lantarki. Tare da jimlar samar da ke biyan bukatun gidaje sama da 400,000 a kowace shekara, shukar tana ba da gudummawa sosai ga samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin ƙasa.
Saucelle ta Tsakiya
La Saucelle Hydroelectric Power Plant, wanda kuma aka sani da Salto de Saucelle, wani muhimmin yanki ne na tsarin Saltos del Duero. Wannan katafaren gini ya kasu kashi biyu, kowanne yana dauke da injin turbines na Francis, fasahar da ke kara karfin sauya wutar lantarki.
Sauce I, wanda ya fara aiki a 1956, yana da damar yin amfani da shi 251 MWyayin da Sauce II, ƙara a 1989, jimlar 269 MW fiye, ga jimlar 520 MW. Tsiron yana fa'ida daga kyawawan yanayi na ruwa na kogin Duero, wanda ke da zurfin bakin ciki na yanki wanda ya mamaye Spain da Portugal, yana samar da manyan tafki kamar Saucelle.
Estany-Gento Sallente
Ana zaune a cikin gundumar La Torre de Cabdella, ta tsakiya Estany-Gento Sallente Ya yi fice don ƙirarsa mai juyawa, wanda ke ba da damar adana makamashi ta hanyar zub da ruwa tsakanin tafkuna biyu, Estany Gento y sallah, tare da bambanci a tsayin kusan mita 400 a tsakanin su.
Tare da shigar iko na 468 MW, wannan shuka ta haɗu da saitin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki mai jujjuyawar ruwa a cikin Spain, tare da yin amfani da cikakken amfani da damar makamashi na sake zagayowar ruwa da kuma samar da wutar lantarki yadda yakamata a cikin sa'o'i mafi girma. Tsarinsa yana ba Spain damar zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu ci gaba a cikin sarrafa makamashin ruwa.
Tafkunan ruwa da tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa a Spain ba kawai suna da mahimmanci don samar da makamashi mai tsabta da sabuntawa ba, har ma suna tabbatar da sabis na ajiya mai mahimmanci. A cikin yanayin da abubuwan da za a iya sabunta su ke zama mafi mahimmanci, waɗannan manyan kayan aikin za su taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin decarbonization, yana ba da damar kwanciyar hankali a cikin hanyar sadarwa na lantarki da kuma amfani da albarkatun ruwa.