A cikin labaran da suka gabata munyi nazari sosai kuzari kuzari da duk abin da ya shafe shi. A wannan halin, zamu ci gaba da horo kuma mu ci gaba da karatu makamashin inji. Wannan nau'in makamashi shine abin da ake samarwa ta hanyar aikin jiki kuma ana iya canzawa tsakanin sauran jikin. Makamashin injina shine jimillar kuzarin motsi (motsi) tare da na'urar roba da/ko karfin nauyi, wanda aka samar ta hanyar mu'amalar jiki dangane da matsayinsu.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu bayyana yadda makamashin injiniya ke aiki, yadda ake ƙididdige shi da wasu misalai da aikace-aikace. Idan kana son fahimtar wannan ra'ayi a sarari da sauƙi, ci gaba da karantawa.
Bayani kan kuzarin inji
Bari mu dauki misali don bayyana makamashin injina. Ka yi tunanin cewa mun jefa kwallo daga wani tsayi. A lokacin jifa, ƙwallon yana da Inetarfin motsa jiki saboda motsinsa, yayin da yake cikin iska kuma yana samun karfin nauyi mai nauyi saboda matsayinsa dangane da kasa. Yayin da yake tashi, makamashin da ake iya samu yana ƙaruwa, kuma yayin da yake faɗuwa, ƙarfin ƙarfin yana canzawa zuwa makamashin motsa jiki.
Hannun da ke motsa ƙwallon yana aiki akan shi, yana canja wurin kuzarin motsa jiki zuwa gare shi. Idan muka yi watsi da rikici tare da iska, ƙwallon zai adana jimillar makamashin inji, wanda shine jimillar kuzarin motsi da kuzari. A haƙiƙa, makamashin injina na tsarin zai iya zama dawwama lokacin da babu ƙarfin da zai iya jurewa kamar gogayya.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa nauyi Yana da ƙarfi akai-akai (9,8m/s² akan Duniya) kuma koyaushe yana aiki akan abubuwa. Don haka, ƙarfin injin da aka ƙididdige zai zama sakamakon hulɗar da ke tsakanin saurin, taro da tsayin jiki. Naúrar auna makamashin inji shine Yuli (J), bisa ga Tsarin Raka'a na Duniya.
Tsarin makamashi na injiniya
Makamashin injiniya (Em) shine jimillar makamashin motsa jiki (Ec) da kuma karfin kuzari (Ep). Ta hanyar lissafi, ana iya bayyana shi ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
Em = Ec + Ep
Don lissafin Inetarfin motsa jiki (Ec), muna amfani da dabara:
- Ec = 1/2 mv²
inda m shi ne taro na jiki da v shine gudun.
Amma ga karfin nauyi mai nauyi (Ep), dabarar ita ce:
- Ep = mg
inda m shi ne taro, g shine hanzarin da nauyi ke haifarwa da h tsawo.
Ta haka ne, idan kun san yawan abin da ke cikinsa, saurinsa da tsayin da aka harba shi, za ku iya lissafin makamashin injinsa.
Ka'idar kiyaye makamashin inji
Babban ka'ida a kimiyyar lissafi ita ce wacce ta bayyana hakan Makamashi ba a halitta ko lalacewa, amma ya canza. Wannan shi ake kira da ka'idar kiyaye makamashi. Game da makamashin injina, wannan ka'ida tana aiki idan tsarin ya keɓanta, wato, idan babu wasu dakarun da ba na ra'ayin mazan jiya ba kamar gogayya.
Idan muka jefa kwallo a cikin iska, a mafi girman lokacinta makamashin motsa jiki zai zama sifili, amma karfin karfin karfinsa zai kai iyaka. Yayin da yake saukowa, makamashi mai yuwuwa yana canzawa zuwa makamashin motsa jiki. A cikin wannan tsari, jimillar makamashin injina na tsarin ya kasance koyaushe.
Ma'aunin lissafin da ya bayyana wannan ka'ida shine kamar haka:
Em = Ec + Ep = akai
A cikin tsarin gaske, kasancewar gogayya da sauran rundunonin da ba masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba suna canza wannan ma'auni, yana haifar da ɓarna wasu makamashin azaman zafi ko wasu nau'ikan. Duk da haka, wannan ka'ida ta kasance mai amfani don nazarin tsarin jiki da yawa.
Misalan motsa jiki
Bari mu kalli wasu darasi don kwatanta yadda ake amfani da abubuwan da aka kwatanta a sama:
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- Zaɓi zaɓi mara kyau:
- a) Kinetic energy shine makamashin da jiki ke da shi daga kasancewa cikin motsi.
- b) Ƙarfin nauyi mai ƙarfi shine makamashin da jiki ke da shi saboda yana samuwa a wani tsayi.
- c) Jimillar makamashin injina na jiki yana tsayawa ko da a gaban gogayya.
- d) Ƙarfin sararin samaniya yana dawwama kuma yana canzawa kawai.
- e) Lokacin da jiki yana da kuzarin motsa jiki, zai iya yin aiki.
- Zaɓi zaɓi mara kyau:
Zaɓin da ba daidai ba shine (C). Ba a adana makamashin injina a gaban juzu'i, tunda wasu daga cikinsu suna bazuwa azaman zafi.
- A bas tare da kullu m saukowa wani gangare tare da saurin gudu. Direban yana riƙe da birki, yana iyakance saurin bas ɗin koda kuwa yana saukowa daga tsayi h. Amsa ko waɗannan maganganun gaskiya ne ko na ƙarya:
- Canjin makamashin motsi na bas ba shi da sifili.
- An adana makamashin injiniya na tsarin bas-Ground.
- An adana jimillar makamashin tsarin bas-Duniya, kodayake wasu suna canzawa zuwa makamashin ciki.
A wannan yanayin, amsar daidai ita ce V, F, V. Ƙarfin motsi ba ya bambanta saboda gudun yana dawwama; Koyaya, ba a kiyaye makamashin injina saboda haɓakar makamashin cikin gida na tsarin da ke haifar da gogayya.
Waɗannan misalan suna kwatanta mahimmancin fahimtar yadda ƙarfi da kuzari ke hulɗa a cikin mahalli daban-daban. Ƙarfin injina shine mabuɗin a yawancin aikace-aikacen yau da kullun, daga motsa abin hawa zuwa tsalle daga trampoline.
Daidaitaccen fahimtar makamashin injina ba wai kawai yana da amfani don cin jarabawa ba, har ma don fahimtar abubuwan da ke kewaye da mu.