Un Eolico Park Babban wurin aiki ne da aka kera don mai da makamashin iska zuwa makamashin lantarki. A halin yanzu, da makamashin iska Yana daya daga cikin manyan nau'ikan makamashi mai sabuntawa a duniya kuma yana ci gaba da girma akai-akai. Akwai manyan gonakin iska da yawa da suka bazu a duk duniya, suna nuna tasirinsu akan raguwar hayaki mai gurbata yanayi da samar da ayyukan yi da 'yancin kai na makamashi. A ƙasa, mun gabatar da cikakken bincike na mafi girma iska gonakin a duniya, halayensa da kuma dacewarsa a cikin yanayin makamashi na duniya.
Mafi girman gonakin iska a duniya
Gansu Wind Complex, China
El Gansu Wind Complex, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Jiuquan Wind Base, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan gonakin iska a duniya, tare da shigar da ƙarfin da ya kai. 7.965 MW. Wannan gigantic wurin shakatawa yana cikin yankin hamada na arewa maso yammacin kasar Sin, daya daga cikin wuraren da ake iya kamawa akai-akai. Ya ƙunshi fiye da 7.000 na aikin iska kuma ana sa ran zai wuce 20.000MW iya aiki, wanda zai sanya shi a matsayin mafi girman shigar makamashin iska a duniya.
En 2009, an ƙaddamar da kashi na farko na aikin, wanda ya riga ya wakilci ikon 3.800 MW, kuma wannan adadi yana karuwa tare da ƙaddamar da sabbin injina. A halin yanzu, wurin shakatawa ya samar da fiye da 90.000GWh na wutar lantarki, wanda ya isa ya wadata miliyoyin gidaje a China. An kiyasta cikakken kudin aikin a 17.000 miliyan kudin Tarayyar Turai, wanda ke nuna girman wannan sadaukarwa ga makamashin kore. Wannan ba kawai saka hannun jari ba ne a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa, har ma da alƙawarin rage hayaƙi. CO2.
Cibiyar Makamashi ta Alta Wind, California (Amurka)
Zaune a ciki Tehachapi, California, ta Alta Wind Energy Center Ita ce babbar gonar iska a bakin teku a Amurka kuma, tare da ita 1.547MW na iya aiki, ya mamaye babban wuri a duniya. Wannan wurin shakatawa yana cikin Yankin Kern kuma yana da 586 iska injin turbin da aka tura a ciki Raka'a masu aiki 11. Gudanar da wurin shakatawa ya kasance alhakin Terra-Gen Power, wadanda ke ci gaba da fadada ayyukansu.
Da farko, wurin shakatawa ya fara aiki a ciki 2011 tare da turbines general Electric na 1,5MW, amma, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya sabunta fasaharsa kuma ya kara da injina masu ƙarfi, kamar su. Vestas V90-3.0MW da kuma 2,85MW GE. Ƙarfin ku yana zuwa Kudancin California Edison, a matsayin wani ɓangare na kwangilar siyan wutar lantarki 25 shekaru wanda ke tabbatar da samar da wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa ga Kudancin California.
Muppandal Wind Farm, Tamil Nadu, Indiya
El Filin iska na Muppandal yana cikin gundumar Kanyakumari, a yankin Tamil Nadu, a cikin matsanancin kudu na Indiya. Wannan wurin shakatawa yana cin gajiyar iska mai ƙarfi da ke tashi daga wurin tekun larabawa ta hanyar tsaunuka, samar da damar shigar 1.500 MW. Garin Muppandal, wanda a baya ya kasance cikin matsanancin talauci, ya sami farfadowa saboda samar da makamashi mai tsabta.
Wannan wurin shakatawa na daga cikin Indiya tsaftataccen shirin makamashi, daraja a 2.000 miliyan daloli, da nufin ƙarfafa saka hannun jari na waje a cikin sabbin kuzari. Bugu da ƙari, wannan wurin shakatawa ba wai kawai ke samar da wutar lantarki ba, har ma yana samar da shi aiki da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki ga al'ummomin gida. Ana sa ran ci gaba da fadadawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, tare da yuwuwar samarwa 26.200MWh kowace shekara.
Jaisalmer Wind Farm, Rajasthan, Indiya
El Kamfanin iska na Jaisalmer, dake cikin gundumar Rajasthan, Indiya, wani ƙaƙƙarfan kayan aiki ne mai iya aiki 1.064 MW, wanda ya zama na biyu mafi girma a kasar. Kamfanin ne ya samar da wannan wurin shakatawa Suzlon Energy kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan shirye-shiryen makamashin iska a Indiya, kullum yana fadada tun daga lokacin 2001. Don gina shi, an yi amfani da nau'ikan injin turbin daga na 350 kW har ma da na zamani 2,1 MW.
Gidan gonar iskar Jaisalmer, wanda ya mamaye babban yanki na hamada, an sanya shi a matsayin wani muhimmin yanki a dabarun makamashi na Indiya, wanda kuma ke neman haɓaka matrix ɗin makamashi tare da mai da hankali kan Ƙarfafawa da karfin.
Shepherds Flat Wind Farm, Oregon (Amurka)
Tare da shigar iya aiki na 845 MW, da Makiyaya Flat Wind Farm Ita ce ta biyar mafi girma a duniya. Ana cikin Arlington, a jihar Oregon, kamfanin ne ya samar da wurin shakatawa Caithness Energy kuma gina shi ya buƙaci zuba jari na 2.000 miliyan daloli. Shigarwa ya ƙunshi yanki na Kilomita 77 tsakanin kananan hukumomin na Gilliam da Morrow.
Wannan wurin shakatawa yana sanye da shi 338 injin turbin iska GE2.5XL, kowanne da karfinsa 2,5 MW. Tun lokacin da aka kaddamar da shi 2012, ya samar da isasshiyar wutar lantarki don samarwa Gidaje 235.000 a yankin. Ana isar da makamashin da ake samarwa Kudancin California Edison, ƙara haɓaka ayyukan samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin Amurka.
Kamar yadda muke iya gani, fadada ayyukan iskar iska a duk duniya yana nuna babban yuwuwar makamashin iskar ya zama ginshikin iskar gas. Burbushin mai kyauta nan gaba. Kowanne daga cikin wadannan wuraren shakatawa, tare da rawar da yake takawa wajen samar da wutar lantarki, ba wai kawai yana rage dogaro da gurbacewar makamashi ba, har ma yana karfafa sabbin fasahohi da samar da ayyukan yi a bangaren da ake sabunta su.