Hydrogen shine mafi yawan sinadarai a cikin sararin samaniya, amma kasancewarsa a cikin yanayin duniya yana da iyaka saboda haskensa. Duk da haka, nasa muhimmancin a cikin panorama makamashi ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba, tun da yake yana fitowa a matsayin daya daga cikin mabuɗan maɓalli a cikin sauyi zuwa makoma mai dorewa.
Este iskar gas mara launi da wari ya zama mahimmin motsin makamashi, mai iyawa adana makamashi da kuma sake shi ba tare da hayaki ba don aikace-aikacen masana'antu, sufuri har ma da biyan bukatun makamashi a sassan da ke da wuyar wutar lantarki. A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku abin da waɗannan launukan da muka sanya wa hydrogen suke nufi da abin da suka dace a cikin yaki da sauyin yanayi.
Me yasa muke magana game da launuka a cikin hydrogen?
Hydrogen a cikin tsarkakakken yanayi ba shi da launi, amma a cikin mahallin makamashi, da kalmar "launi" Ana amfani da shi don rarraba hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki daban-daban da kuma tasirin muhalli da ke tattare da kowannensu. Waɗannan launuka suna ba da a bayyanannen hangen nesa na CO2 watsi da aka samar a cikin tsari da kuma albarkatun da aka yi amfani da su.
Saboda haka, launin hydrogen ba ya nufin iskar gas kanta, amma ga "sawun muhalli." Bari mu ga irin nau'in hydrogen da aka fi sani da launin su.
Hydrogen wanda ba a sabunta shi ba: baki, launin ruwan kasa, da launin toka
Baki ko ruwan kasa hydrogen: Ana samun irin wannan nau'in hydrogen ta hanyar iskar gas na kwal ko lignite, wanda ke nuna manyan matakan Haɗarin CO2. Yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin gurbatar yanayi kuma yana fadawa cikin rashin amfani sai dai a wasu kasashe kamar China.
Gizon hydrogen: An samar da shi daga iskar gas ta amfani da dabarar gyaran tururi, irin wannan nau'in hydrogen kuma yana fitar da adadin CO2 mai yawa a cikin sararin samaniya. An kiyasta cewa launin toka hydrogen yana rufewa 99% na samar da duniya a halin yanzu, saboda ƙarancin farashi, amma tasirin muhalli yana da mahimmanci.
Blue hydrogen: madadin rashin fitarwa
El blue hydrogen yana wakiltar juyin halitta na launin toka. Kodayake ana samar da shi daga iskar gas, wannan hanya ta haɗa Karɓar Carbon (CCUS). Wadannan fasahohin na iya ragewa har zuwa 95% CO2 hayaki, sanya shi azaman madadin mafi tsabta.
Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa waɗannan fasahohin ba su da cikakken tasiri, kamar yadda sauran hayaki ya ragu. Wani iyakance shine abubuwan da ake bukata don kamawa da adana carbon, wanda ba ya samuwa.
Green hydrogen: ma'aunin gwal na dorewa
El kore hydrogen An dauke shi mafi ɗorewa na duka. Ana samar da shi ta hanyar electrolysis na ruwa, tsarin da ke amfani da shi wutar lantarki daga 100% sabunta hanyoyin kamar hasken rana da iska. Wannan hydrogen ba ya fitar da CO2 yayin samar da shi kuma shine mabuɗin don lalata tsarin makamashi.
A halin yanzu, koren hydrogen yana wakiltar ƙasa da 1% na samar da duniya, saboda ta babban farashi idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan hydrogen. Koyaya, saka hannun jari a sabbin makamashi da fasahar samar da kayayyaki suna buɗe kofa ga samun karbuwa sosai.
Sauran nau'ikan hydrogen: ruwan hoda, rawaya, turquoise da fari
Baya ga manyan launuka, akwai bambance-bambance masu ban sha'awa:
- Pink hydrogen: An samo shi daga makamashin nukiliya, ana samar da irin wannan nau'in hydrogen ta hanyar lantarki. Ko da yake yana da ƙarancin iskar carbon, yana fuskantar kalubale masu alaka tare da sharar nukiliya.
- Yellow hydrogen: Ana samarwa ta hanyar lantarki tare da wutar lantarki daga gaurayawan tushe, gami da waɗanda ba za a iya sabuntawa ba. Nasa dorewa Ya dogara da adadin tsabtataccen tushe da aka yi amfani da shi.
- Turquoise hydrogen: An samo shi ta hanyar tsarin methane pyrolysis, yana haifar da hydrogen da kuma carbon mai ƙarfi, wanda ya rage Haɗarin CO2.
- Farin hydrogen: Wannan shi ne kaɗai aka samu a cikin yanayin yanayi, gabaɗaya a cikin ma'ajin ajiyar ƙasa, amma haƙonsa babban sikelin Har yanzu bai yiwu ba.
Matsayin hydrogen a cikin canjin makamashi
Mahimmancin hydrogen ya ta'allaka ne ga ikonsa na lalata sassan da ke da wahalar wutar lantarki, kamar masana'antar nauyi, jigilar ruwa da iska, da samar da karafa da taki. Nasa sassauci a matsayin makamashi vector sanya shi a matsayin mahimmin madaidaici ga kuzari masu sabuntawa.
Duk da haka, babban kalubale shine tattalin arziki. Green hydrogen yana da tsada sosai fiye da takwarorinsa waɗanda ba za a iya sabunta su ba, suna buƙatar manufofin ƙarfafawa da tallafin kuɗi don haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar sa da ɗaukar nauyi.
Hydrogen ba wai kawai yana da mahimmanci don rage iskar CO2 ba, har ma don tabbatar da amintaccen canjin makamashi mai inganci, tare da aikace-aikacen da yawa a cikin ajiyar makamashi da sufuri mai dorewa. Ko da yake har yanzu akwai shingen tattalin arziki da fasaha, ana nufin koren hydrogen yana jagorantar canjin zuwa ga mafi tsabta, mafi dorewa nan gaba.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin za ku iya ƙarin koyo game da launi na hydrogen da mahimmancin da yake da shi a cikin yaki da sauyin yanayi.