Haɓaka zuba jari a cikin koren fasaha Yana bayyana a sassa da yawa, musamman a harkokin sufuri. A cikin neman mafi dorewa nan gaba, madadin man fetur, kamar kore hydrogen da batirin lantarki, suna kawo sauyi kan harkokin sufuri, gami da masana'antar jiragen ruwa na alfarma. Koyaya, kowane ci gaba yana kawo fa'idodi da ƙalubale. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu shiga cikin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyuka: jirgin ruwa na alatu da ke aiki da shi kore hydrogen. Za mu koyi dalla-dalla halayensa, fa'idodi da ingantaccen tasirin muhalli wanda wannan sabuwar hanyar tuƙi ke bayarwa.
Jirgin ruwan alatu da hydrogen ke aiki dashi Ruwa, wanda kamfanin Sinot na kasar Holland ya kirkira, yana wakiltar wani ci gaba a cikin kera jiragen ruwa masu dorewa. Wannan super jirgin ruwa Ya yi alkawarin ba kawai don bayar da matsakaicin a cikin alatu da ta'aziyya ba, amma har ma don taimakawa wajen rage yawan hayaki a cikin sufuri na teku.
Ma'aunin muhalli na tasoshin
Harkokin sufurin ruwa na da tasiri sosai kan hayakin da ake fitarwa a duniya. A cewar Hukumar Kula da Maritime ta Duniya (IMO), sufurin ruwa yana da alhakin kusan biliyan ton na CO₂ a kowace shekara, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 2,5% na hayaƙin duniya. Don canza wannan, sabbin fasahohin kore suna sake fasalin ƙira da haɓakar jiragen ruwa, gami da jiragen ruwa na alatu.
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi dacewa shine amfani da su kore hydrogen, man fetur mai sabuntawa wanda ke taimakawa rage hayakin carbon. A cikin wannan labarin, mun gano yadda ayyuka kamar Ruwa Sun nuna cewa alatu da dorewa na iya kasancewa tare.
Menene koren hydrogen?
Green hydrogen wani nau'in hydrogen ne da ake samu daga hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, kamar hasken rana ko iska, ta hanyar da ake kira electrolysis. Ba kamar hydrogen na al'ada ba, wanda aka samo daga burbushin mai, koren hydrogen yana da tsabta gaba daya, ma'ana cewa samar da shi ba ya saki iskar gas. Wannan al'amari ya sa ya zama maɓalli a cikin sauyi zuwa tattalin arzikin mai tsabta.
Tsarin samar da koren hydrogen ya ƙunshi amfani da na'urar lantarki, na'urar da ke raba ruwa zuwa oxygen da hydrogen ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki. Domin hydrogen da aka samar ya zama "kore", dole ne wutar lantarki da ake amfani da ita ta fito daga tushe masu sabuntawa, tabbatar da fitar da sifili na carbon yayin samarwa.
Jirgin ruwan alatu mai koren hydrogen: Project Aqua
Wannan aikin Ruwa, ta sanannen kamfanin Sinot, yana ɗaya daga cikin shawarwarin farko na a jirgin ruwa na alatu da aka yi amfani da shi ta koren hydrogen. Tare da tsayin mita 112, an tsara Aqua don ba da matsakaicin alatu, jin daɗi da dorewa a cikin jirgin. Tana da benaye biyar kuma tana iya ɗaukar baƙi 14 da ma'aikatan jirgin 31. Tsarinsa ya haɗa da sabbin abubuwa na gaba da kuma hanyoyin samar da makamashi masu dacewa da muhalli.
jirgin ruwa Ruwa Ana ciyar da shi da tankuna biyu na ruwa hydrogen (ton 28 kowannensu) waɗanda aka rufe su kuma sanyaya su. -253ºC. Wadannan tankuna suna ba da hydrogen zuwa injin lantarki 1 MW wanda ke ba da damar jirgin ruwa ya kai matsakaicin saurin 17 nufa (31,5 km/h) kuma yana da kewayon 3.750 mil na ruwa (kimanin kilomita 6.945), ya isa don hanyoyin da ke wucewa.
Its kiyasta farashin ne game da 600 miliyan daloli, wanda ya sanya shi a matsayin keɓaɓɓen aikin fasaha a cikin masana'antar ruwa. Duk da haka, ci gaban fasaha da ya haɗa ya nuna cewa farkon sabon zamani ne kawai a cikin ƙirar jiragen ruwa na alatu.
Sabbin fasahar Aqua
El Aqua jirgin ruwa Yana da ba kawai sabon abu don koren hydrogen propulsion, amma kuma ga ta ƙira da fasaha da aka haɗa. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa sun haɗa da dandamali na cascading a kan bene na aft wanda ke ba fasinjoji damar shiga ruwa kai tsaye, wuraren waha da wuraren shakatawa, waɗanda ke ba da ƙwarewa ta musamman na tuntuɓar teku. Bugu da ƙari, dakin motsa jiki, wurin shakatawa, ɗakin cinema da helipad suna tabbatar da jin dadi da jin dadi a cikin jirgin.
Jirgin ruwan yana kuma sanye da shi panoramic windows wanda ke ba da ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa, haɗawa cikin ƙira mafi ƙanƙanta wanda ke neman haɓaka ƙarfin kuzari da haɓaka ta'aziyya. An tsara tsarin don amfani da makamashi yadda ya kamata, rage yawan sharar gida da kuma tabbatar da kowane bangare na jirgin yana aiki daidai da yanayin ruwa.
Ta fuskar tsaro, duk da cewa Ruwa Ana kunna shi ta hanyar hydrogen, man fetur mai saurin ƙonewa, fasaha da hanyoyin aminci da aka aiwatar suna da yanke-yanke. Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin ƙarin ma'auni, jirgin ruwa yana da a madadin injin dizal don ba da tabbacin aikinta idan babu tashoshi masu sarrafa hydrogen a cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa.
Tasirin muhalli da makomar jiragen ruwa na hydrogen
Amfani da kore hydrogen maimakon burbushin mai yana ba da muhimmiyar mafita don rage hayakin iskar gas a fannin teku. Tun daga hydrogen yana fitar da tururin ruwa ne kawai A matsayin samfuri, wannan jirgin ya fito fili don ikonsa na yin aiki ba tare da barin sawun carbon mai mahimmanci ba, yana kiyaye tsaftar teku da kuma kare rayuwar ruwa.
Sabbin kuzari da motsa jiki mai tsabta al'amura ne masu matukar sha'awa ga masana'antar jiragen ruwa na alatu, kuma Aqua yana daya daga cikin matakai na farko zuwa jerin tasoshin da za su sami raguwar tasirin muhalli. Yayin da fasahar ke ci gaba, muna iya ganin manyan jiragen ruwa masu sauri da sauri suna amfani da koren hydrogen, suna tura iyakokin ba kawai sufuri na alatu ba, har ma da dorewa a kan manyan tekuna.
Wasu misalan jiragen ruwa masu ɗorewa
Bayan Aqua, kamfanoni da yawa suna saka hannun jari a cikin fasahar ruwa mai dorewa. Misali, jirgin ruwa Hynova 40, wanda Hynova Yachts ya kera, wani jirgin jin daɗi ne da ke amfani da koren hydrogen. An gabatar da wannan jirgi ne a shekarar 2021 kuma an san shi da ikon iya tuka kansa ta hanyar amfani da kwayoyin man fetur da tankunan hydrogen, yana tafiya ta cikin teku ba tare da haifar da gurbataccen hayaki ba.
Wani sabon misali shine Mask Onyx H2-BO 85', wanda ke ikirarin shi ne jirgin ruwa na farko da zai iya kera shi hydrogen a kan jirgin daga ruwan teku godiya ga tsarin electrolysis. Wannan tsarin yana kawar da buƙatar mai da hydrogen a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa, kodayake babban kalubalen ya kasance makamashin da ake bukata don wannan tsari. Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru sun nuna cewa fasahar hydrogen ba kawai a nan ta tsaya ba, amma kuma tana ci gaba da ci gaba don samun hanyoyin dogaro da kai da dorewa.
A ƙarshe, ba za mu iya manta da cewa a cikin Dubai Ana kera jirgin ruwan alatu Jirgin Jet, mai iya "tashi" akan ruwa saboda godiyar hydrofoils da hydrogen propulsion. Waɗannan misalan sun ƙarfafa ra'ayin cewa makomar jirgin ruwa na alfarma yana da alaƙa da dorewa da sabbin fasahohi.
Zuwan waɗannan jiragen ruwa shine farkon babban canji a jigilar kaya. Duk da haka, kalubale kamar iyakantaccen damar tashoshin mai kuma farashin farko na aiwatarwa ya kasance cikas. Koyaya, tare da saka hannun jari masu dacewa a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa da haɓaka fasaha, jiragen ruwa masu ƙarfin hydrogen zasu iya zama zaɓi na gama gari a cikin ɓangaren alatu kuma, a ƙarshe, jigilar kasuwanci.
Jirgin ruwan alatu koren hydrogen ba wai yana nuna sabon zamani a ƙirar jirgin ruwa mara kyau ba, har ma yana nuna makomar masana'antar jiragen ruwa. Yayin da damuwar duniya game da sauyin yanayi ke ƙaruwa, ana tilasta wa masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki ta ɗauka kore mafita, da kuma jiragen ruwa masu amfani da hydrogen suna bayyana a sarari na inda makomar ta dosa.