A yau akwai hanyoyi da yawa don samar da makamashi daga sharar gida kowane iri. Yin amfani da sharar gida a matsayin albarkatu don samar da makamashi hanya ce mai kyau don adana albarkatun ƙasa da kuma rage dogaro ga albarkatun mai, wanda ke wakiltar mummunar matsalar muhalli saboda hayaƙin carbon dioxide.
Misalin wannan shine sunflower na Mexico (Tithonia diversifolia), wani nau'in mamayewa a yankuna da yawa na duniya, musamman a Afirka, Ostiraliya da wasu tsibiran da ke cikin Tekun Pasifik. Duk da cewa wannan shuka barazana ce ga nau'in 'yan asali a wadannan yankuna, masu bincike a Najeriya sun gano wata sabuwar hanya ta amfani da ita: samar da iskar gas. Ta hanyar hada ɗigon kaji tare da sharar sunflower na Mexica, sun sami nasarar haɓaka ingancin iskar da ake samarwa.
Samar da iskar gas kuma inganta inganci
Samar da iskar gas daga zubar da kaji da sunflowers na Mexica babban fa'ida ne. A gefe guda kuma, ana amfani da sharar da ake samu daga gonakin kiwon kaji, wanda ke rage gurbacewar da suke haifarwa. A gefe guda kuma, ana kai hari kan wata muhimmiyar matsala ta muhalli: sarrafa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan cuta kamar sunflower na Mexico, wanda ke kawar da flora na gida.
An riga an gudanar da bincike kan yadda ake hako iskar gas daga sharar dabbobi a Najeriya da China. Makullin waɗannan karatun shine co-narkewa, wato yin amfani da sharar gida iri-iri don inganta samar da iskar gas. A wannan yanayin, binciken da Jami'ar Landmark da Jami'ar Alkawari a Najeriya suka yi, wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar Makamashi & Makamai, Tabbatar da cewa sunflower na Mexica yana da babban damar samar da iskar gas lokacin da aka haɗa shi da zubar da tsuntsaye kuma an yi shi kafin magani.
Yin amfani da wannan haɗin yana da fa'ida sau biyu saboda yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa sharar gida daga gonakin kaji da kuma dakatar da yaduwar shukar da ake ganin ta zama ruwan dare a yawancin sassan duniya. A cewar masana. Furen sunflower na Mexica yana kawar da jinsunan gida kuma yana shafar wuraren da aka karewa, wakiltar babbar barazana ga bambancin halittu na yankuna masu mahimmanci.
Pre-jiyya: Mabuɗin don inganta inganci
Haɗin kai da sharar kwayoyin halitta ba sabon tsari bane, amma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa amfani da a thermo-alkaline pre-jiyya kafin narkewar anaerobic yana inganta yawan yawan gas. Wannan maganin da aka rigaya ya ƙunshi ƙaddamar da sharar gida zuwa yanayin zafi mai zafi da takamaiman yanayin alkalinity, wanda ke sauƙaƙe rushewar hadadden kayan aikin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana ƙara adadin methane da aka samar, babban ɓangaren iskar gas.
Binciken da aka yi a Najeriya ya kammala cewa aikin iskar gas ya inganta har zuwa 54,44% godiya ga amfani da wannan magani idan aka kwatanta da sharar gida wanda ba a yi irin wannan tsari ba. Wato, adadin kuzarin da aka samu ya fi girma sosai lokacin da aka yi amfani da riga-kafi, wani abu mai mahimmanci idan muna son inganta amfani da waɗannan albarkatun don haɓakar makamashi tare da ƙarancin sawun carbon.
Don samun waɗannan sakamakon, an gudanar da ma'auni na makamashi don sanin ko makamashin da aka zuba a cikin tsari ya kasance ƙasa da makamashin da aka samu a ƙarshensa. Bayanan sun nuna a tabbataccen ma'aunin makamashi, wanda ke nufin cewa hanya tana da riba. Ƙarfin da aka samu ya wuce ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi a gaban jiyya, duka a cikin nau'i na zafi da lantarki.
Muhimmancin sharar kaji wajen samar da iskar gas
da sharar kaji Suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da iskar gas idan aka haɗa su da tsire-tsire irin su sunflower na Mexico. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa waɗannan abubuwan da aka zubar sun ƙunshi abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda, idan ba a sarrafa su yadda ya kamata ba, za su iya cutar da muhalli. Daga cikin wadannan gurbatattun abubuwa akwai hormones, maganin rigakafi, nauyi karafa da na gina jiki wanda zai iya shiga cikin ƙasa da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, yana haifar da matsalolin gurɓatawa.
Yin amfani da irin wannan sharar gida don samar da iskar gas ba wai kawai magance matsalar taruwarsa ba, har ma yana ba da mafita mai fa'ida da ɗorewa ga samar da makamashi. Amma daya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin binciken shine, yayin da zubar da kaji kadai ba shi da riba. hade da shuka kwayoyin halitta, kamar sunflower na Mexico, yana ƙara yawan riba.
Tasirin tsire-tsire masu lalacewa a wasu yankuna
Amfani da tsire-tsire masu lalata don samar da iskar gas ba kawai a Najeriya ba. A wasu kasashe irin su Mexico da Taiwan, ana kuma binciken hanyoyin yin amfani da nau'o'in nau'o'in cin zarafi don samar da albarkatun mai. Misali shine camalote ko ruwa hyacinth (Eichhornia ya fadi), wani nau'in cin zarafi wanda ke girma cikin sauri a cikin ruwa. Ana amfani da irin wannan nau'in tsire-tsire don samarwa biomethane y ethanol, bayar da mafita na gida da dorewa ga matsalar duniya.
Yin amfani da tsire-tsire masu ɓarna yana wakiltar dama ta musamman don magance matsalar matsalar gurbataccen shuka kuma, a lokaci guda, samar da makamashi mai tsabta. Wadannan tsire-tsire na iya girma ba tare da buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi ba, yana mai da su zama mai araha da yalwar tushen halittu.
Sauran misalan hada-hadar narkewar abinci: gonakin masana'anta a Turai
A Turai, musamman a Spain, an gudanar da ayyukan iskar gas iri-iri ta hanyar amfani da sharar gonakin masana'antu. A yankuna irin su Castilla-La Mancha, inda gurbatar ruwa ta hanyar slurry matsala ce mai girma, an yi amfani da tsire-tsire masu guba don rage tasirin muhalli. Duk da haka, yawancin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna ci gaba da fuskantar ƙalubale, kamar buƙatar shigo da sharar gida daga wasu yankuna da kuma tsadar farashin jigilar kwayoyin halitta.
Duk da waɗannan ƙalubalen, iskar gas ta tabbatar da cewa ita ce hanyar da za ta iya magance rarrabuwar kawuna da sauran sharar fage daga yawan kiwo, wanda idan ba haka ba zai zama gurɓatacce.
A cikin kananan hukumomi kamar Balsa de Ves, inda aka kafa masana'antar gas fiye da shekaru 10 da suka gabata, an sami raguwar yawan jama'a saboda girka wadannan gonaki masu yawa, wanda ke nuna cewa duk da cewa fasahar gas na da tasiri, amma dole ne a yi la'akari da tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.
Mabuɗin abubuwan don ingantaccen samar da iskar gas
Nasarar samar da iskar gas ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa:
- Gudanar da sharar gida: Garanti akai-akai kwarara na albarkatun kasa.
- Kafin magani: Narkewar anaerobic yana inganta sosai lokacin da ake aiwatar da magunguna masu inganci.
- Ma'aunin makamashi: Yana da mahimmanci cewa an sami ma'aunin makamashi mai kyau don tabbatar da ribar aikin.
- Rage tasirin muhalli: Haɗa ayyukan da ke rage fitar da hayaki da gurɓataccen iska.
A ƙarshe, haɗa haɗin gwiwar shuka da sharar dabbobi hanya ce mai tsada, muhalli da ingantacciyar hanyar samar da iskar gas. Yayin da karin bincike irin wadanda aka gudanar a Najeriya da China ke ci gaba da nuna yuwuwar sa, mai yiyuwa ne wannan tsarin zai fadada zuwa sauran yankuna masu irin wadannan matsaloli.
A cikin mahallin duniya inda matsalar sauyin yanayi ke da fifiko, iskar gas tana ba da mafita mai dorewa ga burbushin mai, yayin da ake magance wasu matsalolin muhalli masu mahimmanci kamar sarrafa nau'ikan masu cin zarafi.
Yana da amfani mai yawa. Dan Adam ba shi da al'adar muhalli. Na gode