Asalin, haɓakawa da juyin halitta na makamashin hasken rana na photovoltaic

  • An gano tasirin photovoltaic a cikin 1839 ta hanyar Alexandre Becquerel.
  • A shekara ta 1883, Charles Fritts ya haɓaka tantanin halitta na farko na selenium.
  • Tauraron hasken rana na silicon na farko na zamani an ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1954 ta Bell Laboratories.
  • Farashi da ingancin ayyukan hasken rana ya inganta sosai tun shekarun 1970s.
Tarihin makamashin hasken rana na photovoltaic

Yau, da Photovoltaic Hasken rana Ba wani abu ba ne keɓanta ga manyan ayyuka kuma ya zama fasahar gama gari. Ana amfani da shi a cikin aikace-aikacen gida da na kasuwanci, kuma juyin halittarsa ​​ya kasance cikin sauri kuma yana dawwama tsawon shekaru. Wannan labarin yana neman gano yadda ta ci gaba daga asalinta zuwa zama mafita mai amfani da makamashi a duniya.

Yin amfani da makamashin rana Ba sabon abu ba ne, amma ci gaban fasahar da muka sani a yau a matsayin hotunan hasken rana na photovoltaic yana da tarihin ban sha'awa, cike da muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a tsawon lokaci.

Mafarin makamashin hasken rana na photovoltaic: Tasirin Photovoltaic

Tarihin makamashin hasken rana na photovoltaic ya fara a 1839, lokacin da masanin kimiyyar Faransa Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel Ya gano tasirin photovoltaic yayin gwaji tare da tantanin halitta electrolytic. Becquerel ya lura cewa lokacin da aka fallasa wasu kayan zuwa haske, an samar da wutar lantarki.

Wannan binciken ya nuna farkon sabuwar hanyar cin gajiyar hasken rana, amma ci gaban aiki na wannan fasaha zai ɗauki shekaru masu yawa kafin zuwa. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, gwaje-gwaje daban-daban sun taimaka wajen fahimtar abin da ya faru, amma ƙarin ci gaba ya zama dole.

Ƙoƙarin farko: Selenium solar cell

Babban ci gaba na gaba a cikin tarihin makamashin hasken rana na photovoltaic ya faru a ciki 1883, lokacin da Ba'amurke ya ƙirƙira Charles Fritts ya haɓaka tantanin hasken rana na farko ta amfani da selenium a matsayin semiconductor kuma tare da sirin gwal. Duk da haka, saboda ƙarancin ingancin su (kawai 1%) da tsada mai tsada, waɗannan ƙwayoyin ba su da damar yin amfani da wutar lantarki mai girma, iyakance ga amfani da su kamar na'urori masu haske a cikin kyamarori.

Duk da wannan gazawar, ƙirƙirar Fritts ta kafa harsashin ci gaba a nan gaba, kuma aikinsa ya biyo bayan wasu masana kimiyya masu sha'awar inganta haɓakar ƙwayoyin rana.

Juyin Juyin Halitta da kuma farkon tantanin hasken rana na zamani

En 1946, masanin kimiyya Russell Ohl ya ba da izinin siliki na farko na hasken rana, wani abu wanda zai zama ma'auni a cikin masana'antar photovoltaic. Duk da haka, ya kasance a cikin shekara 1954 lokacin da Bell Laboratories Sun ƙera tantanin hasken rana na farko da gaske, wanda kuma ya dogara da siliki. Wadannan kwayoyin sun yi nasarar canza kashi 6% na hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki, wanda ya nuna babban bambanci idan aka kwatanta da na baya.

Mafi mahimmanci, wannan haɓakawa na inganci ya sa ya yiwu a yi amfani da ƙwayoyin hasken rana a aikace-aikace masu amfani, farawa da masana'antar sararin samaniya. An aika da tauraron dan adam na farko masu amfani da hasken rana a cikin shekarun 50, tare da tauraron dan adam na Amurka Vanguard I a matsayin majagaba a wannan fanni.

Solar panel

Haɓakar makamashin hasken rana a cikin masana'antar sararin samaniya

A cikin 1960s, ƙwayoyin rana sun sami matsayinsu a cikin tseren sarari, inda farashi bai kasance mai iyakancewa ba. Jiragen sama da tauraron dan adam suna buƙatar ingantaccen tushen wutar lantarki mai dorewa, kuma hasken rana shine zaɓi mafi kyau. Duk Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet sun yi amfani da makamashin hasken rana a shirye-shiryensu na sararin samaniya.

Tauraron tauraron dan adam na farko na hasken rana shine Vanguard 1, wanda aka harba a shekarar 1958. Ko da yake karamin tauraron dan adam ne, an yi nasarar aiwatar da fasahar hasken rana, kuma tun daga lokacin ya zama ma'auni na tauraron dan adam.

Amfani da kasuwanci na makamashin hasken rana na photovoltaic

Duk da nasarorin da aka samu a sararin samaniya, farashin sel na hasken rana ya kasance babban cikas ga karɓuwarsu ta kasuwanci a duniya. A cikin 1956, farashin kowace watt na tantanin rana ya kai kusan dala 300, wanda hakan ya sa yin amfani da shi a cikin grid ɗin lantarki na yau da kullun ba zai yuwu ba.

Ya kasance a lokacin matsalar mai a cikin 1970s lokacin da madadin fasahohin, gami da makamashin hasken rana, suka fara samun sha'awa a matakin kasuwanci da na gwamnati. Farashin man fetur ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, wanda hakan ya kara sanya hannun jari a fasahar hasken rana. Kadan kadan, bincike da ci gaba a wannan fanni sun fara rage tsadar kayayyaki da kuma kara ingancin hasken rana.

Ci gaba a cikin makamashin hasken rana na photovoltaic

Fitowar kasuwar cin gashin kai

Ba a yi amfani da makamashin hasken rana kawai a manyan ayyuka ko a masana'antar sararin samaniya ba. A ciki 1970, an kaddamar da na'urar gida ta farko mai karamin hasken rana a kasuwa, kuma an fara sanya wasu nau'ikan a gidaje da gonaki don samar da wutar lantarki. Samar da mafi inganci da rahusa bangarori sanya su samuwa ga cin kai na cikin gida.

Masana'antar makamashi na photovoltaic Ya ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma ya fara a cikin 80s, farashin hasken rana ya ragu har ma da kara godiya ga karuwar samarwa da ingantacciyar fasaha. Wadannan rage farashin sun sa na'urori masu amfani da hasken rana suna ƙara samun dama ga jama'a.

Rikicin makamashi da tasirinsa akan makamashin hasken rana

Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka inganta makamashin hasken rana a duniya shine rikicin makamashi na shekarun 70s burbushin mai da kuma damuwa game da tsaron makamashi ya sa gwamnatoci da cibiyoyi su dubi hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa. A cikin wannan mahallin, hasken rana photovoltaics ya fara samun ƙarin kulawa da tallafi ta hanyar ƙarfafawa da tallafi na gwamnati.

Tsakanin 80s zuwa 90s, ƙaddamar da tsarin hasken rana mai ɗaure da grid ya sa manyan abubuwan shigarwa zasu yiwu. Wannan ya nuna farkon sabon zamani na photovoltaics, yana fadada aikace-aikacensa zuwa sassa irin su noma, masana'antu da sufuri.

Me yasa makamashin hasken rana ya zama sananne?

Tun daga nan, hasken rana makamashi photovoltaic ya ci gaba da samun ci gaba mai ma'ana godiya ga mahimman fa'idodinsa:

  • Yana da tushen makamashi mai tsabta kuma mai dorewa, wanda baya haifar da hayakin CO2.
  • El farashin hasken rana ya ragu sosai, yana mai da su damar samun ƙarin masu amfani.
  • Ka'idoji da dokokin da ke haɓakawa cin kai da kuma ragi ramuwa sun inganta shahararsa.

Godiya ga waɗannan dalilai, a yau ya zama ruwan dare don samun kayan aikin hasken rana a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu, ƙananan masana'antu da tsarin amfani da kai wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki ba tare da dogara kawai akan grid ba.

m kai amfani da hasken rana makamashi

A cikin tarihinta, hasken rana photovoltaics ya tafi daga zama sha'awar kimiyya zuwa wani muhimmin sashi na tsarin makamashi na duniya. Wannan ya yiwu ne ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar ci gaban fasaha, rage farashi da sauyi a cikin tunanin duniya don amfani da mafi tsabta da kuma samar da makamashi mai dorewa.


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