A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, farashin wutar lantarki a Spain ya kai matakin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, wanda ya haifar da damuwa ga miliyoyin gidaje da kamfanoni. Abin da ya taɓa zama kamar lissafin wutar lantarki wanda za'a iya sarrafa shi yanzu yana wakiltar ɗayan manyan kashe kuɗi a cikin kasafin kuɗin ku na wata-wata. Tambayar da mutane da yawa ke yi ita ce: Me yasa kudin wutar lantarki bai daina tashi a Spain ba? Dalilan suna da yawa, amma galibi suna da alaƙa da abubuwan duniya, tsarin kasuwar makamashi da manufofin muhalli. A gaba, za mu yi bayanin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da abin da farashin wutar lantarki ya dogara da shi don fahimtar wannan lamari da kuma yadda za mu fuskanci wannan kalubale.
Menene farashin wutar lantarki ya dogara da shi?
Farashin wutar lantarki ba ya amsa ga abu ɗaya, amma yana da sharadi daban-daban waɗanda ke hulɗa da juna. Daga cikin mafi mashahuri akwai farashin na gas da kuma na Haɗarin CO2, da bukatar makamashi a takamaiman lokuta da kuma tasirin da Ƙarfafawa da karfin. Sauran mahimman abubuwa sune ka'idodin gwamnati, tsarin samarwa da buƙatu a kasuwa da abubuwan geopolitical, kamar yaƙi tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine. Da ke ƙasa, muna kallon waɗannan abubuwan dalla-dalla da kuma yadda suke shafar farashin ƙarshe da muke biya kowane wata.
1. Haɓaka farashin iskar gas
El gas Yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar hade hawan keke. Lokacin da farashin iskar gas ya tashi a kasuwannin duniya, farashin wutar lantarki ma ya tashi. Babban abin da ya jawo wannan karin farashin shi ne katsewar kayayyaki daga kasar Rasha sakamakon rikicin da ake yi da kasar Ukraine, lamarin da ya sa kasashen Turai ciki har da Spain suka dogara ga sauran masu samar da kayayyaki masu tsada irin su Aljeriya. A sakamakon haka, iskar gas ya zo ya wuce 200 Yuro a kowace MWh a wasu lokutan bara.
2. Tasirin Kasuwar Wutar Lantarki ta ‘yan tazara
Tsarin farashin wutar lantarki a Spain yana bin tsarin m, wanda fasaha mafi tsada da ta zo aiki don rufe buƙatun ita ce ta kafa farashin ƙarshe. Wannan yana nufin cewa duk da cewa ana samar da babban ɓangaren wutar lantarki da makamashi mai sabuntawa, amma farashin iskar gas, wanda ya fi tsada, shine ke ƙayyade farashin da masu amfani ke biya. A takaice dai, duk da cewa mafi yawan kaso na wutar lantarki yana zuwa daga arha wurare kamar iska ko hasken rana, idan bukata ta bukaci a yi amfani da keken keke a hade, kudin da ake kashewa zai yi yawa.
3. Haɓaka farashin iskar CO2
Don magance sauyin yanayi, Tarayyar Turai ta aiwatar da a Hakkokin fitarwa na CO2. Tsire-tsire da suka dogara da albarkatun mai kamar gas ko kwal dole ne su biya duk tan na carbon dioxide da suke fitarwa. Waɗannan haƙƙoƙin sun yi tsada a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma farashin ya wuce Yuro 90 a kowace tan. Kamar yadda yake tare da iskar gas, wannan karuwa yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan lissafin mabukaci.
4. Babban bukatar wutar lantarki
Bukatar wutar lantarki wani abu ne mai mahimmanci. A lokacin zafi ko raƙuman sanyi, lokacin da amfani da kwandishan ko dumama ya karu, dole ne masu rarrabawa su samar da karin wutar lantarki don biyan bukata, wanda ke kara farashin. Ana yin wannan al'amari ne a lokacin mafi girman sa'o'i, inda ake amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda zai iya fassara zuwa farashi mai yawa.
Me yasa kudin wutar lantarki ke ci gaba da karuwa a Spain
Jimlar duk waɗannan abubuwan sun haifar da hadari mai kyau a cikin tashin farashin wutar lantarki. A ƙasa, muna nazarin takamaiman abubuwan da suka haifar da lissafin wutar lantarki ya ci gaba da tashi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
- El rikici tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, hauhawar farashin iskar gas, sabili da haka, ya kara farashin wutar lantarki. Wannan ya haifar da karuwar tarihi a farashin MWh a cikin kasuwar jumhuriyar Sipaniya, wanda ya kai kololuwa €400/MWh.
- El karuwa a cikin amfani da makamashi a lokacin matsanancin yanayin yanayi shima yana taka rawa. Alal misali, a lokacin hunturu, amfani da dumama lantarki yana girma sosai, wanda ke ƙara yawan buƙata kuma, saboda haka, farashin wutar lantarki.
- La raguwa a samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa A wasu watanni, saboda rashin iska ko rana, shi ma yana taimakawa wajen tashin farashin. Sabuntawa sun fi arha, amma idan ba a samar da isassu ba, dole ne mu yi amfani da kuzari masu tsada da gurbatawa.
- da Kudin fitar da iskar CO2 Manyan masu fitar da hayaki irin su iskar gas da takin kwal suna biya. Yawan karuwar wadannan kudaden, a matsayin wani bangare na manufofin Turai na rage hayakin hayaki, ya taimaka wajen karuwar farashin samar da wutar lantarki.
Dokokin gwamnati don rage tasirin
Don dakile tasirin hauhawar wutar lantarki a gidaje da kamfanoni, Gwamnatin Spain ta aiwatar da wasu matakai tun watan Yunin 2021, wanda aka fi sani da shi. farashin iskar gas, kuma aka sani da bangaran Iberian. Wannan matakin ya kayyade farashin iskar gas da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da wutar lantarki zuwa tsakanin Yuro 40 zuwa 50 a kowace MWh, da nufin rage yawan dogaro da kera motoci a hade. Bugu da kari, gwamnati ta amince da rage yawan kudaden VAT a 5% ga masu amfani da gida da ƙirƙirar sabon nau'i na lantarki zamantakewa bonus.
El lantarki zamantakewa bonus ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙai masu mahimmanci a cikin wannan dabarun, yana ba da rangwamen kuɗi har zuwa 65% ga masu amfani da la'akari da rauni, kuma har zuwa 80% ga waɗanda ke cikin yanayin rashin ƙarfi. An kuma faɗaɗa wannan kari zuwa sabbin nau'ikan gidaje masu ƙanƙanta, don haka ana fifita ƙarin iyalai waɗanda za a iya la'akari da su masu ƙarfi.
A cikin wadannan tsare-tsare akwai wasu tsare-tsare na inganta samar da makamashi a cikin dogon lokaci, kamar manufofin ingantawa. cin kai da kuma tallafi don shigar da makamashi na photovoltaic.
Sauran matakan rage kudin wutar lantarki
Baya ga matakan tsari don guje wa haɓaka mai yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, masu amfani kuma za su iya aiwatar da jerin dabaru don rage amfani da wutar lantarki, don haka, lissafin su. Wasu daga cikin mafi inganci sun haɗa da:
- Inganta ƙarfin kuzari: Zaɓin ingantattun na'urori tare da takaddun shaida na aji A na iya rage yawan amfani.
- Shigar da tsarin photovoltaic: Yin amfani da kai ta hanyar hasken rana yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ɗorewa da tattalin arziki, tun da yake yana ba ka damar samar da makamashinka da kuma rage dogaro ga manyan kamfanonin lantarki.
- Inganta jadawalin amfani: Yin amfani da na'urori irin su na'urar wanki ko injin wanki a lokacin sa'o'i masu yawa (safe ko karshen mako) na iya yin bambanci a lissafin ƙarshe.
A bayyane yake cewa haɓakar lissafin wutar lantarki a Spain yana mayar da martani ga haɗakar abubuwan duniya, ƙasa da tsarin tsarin a kasuwar wutar lantarki waɗanda ke shafar masu amfani da gida da kamfanoni. Duk da haka, tare da matakan da suka dace da kuma ƙaddamar da mafi girma ga makamashi masu sabuntawa, yana yiwuwa a rage wannan tasiri a nan gaba.